There is a large gap between current AI systems and human intelligence. We study intelligence with a focus on metacognitive activities while following the recent development of deep learning, and eventually aim at their concrete implementation through three approaches: Introspection, Constructivism and Neuroscience.

KEY WORDS
#Metacognition
#Deep learning
#Intelligence
#Cognitive neuroscience

Highlights

Metacognition and Curiosity for Efficient Exploration

Many tasks have sparse rewards in the world. Random exploration for sparse rewards, however, is computationally expensive. A human agent explores the world by seeking sparse rewards efficiently. We focus on metacognition and curiosity as the crucial factors for such efficient explorative strategies. We proposed experience sampling methods to approach metacognition [1,2]. We demonstrated our experience sampling methods to collect introspective experience effiently. We also investigate neural mechanisms of curiosity for such an efficient explorative algorithm and its relation to metacognition.
[1] Niikawa, T.*, Miyahara, K., Hamada, H.T., Nishida, S. (2020) A new experimental phenomenological method to explore the subjective features of psychological phenomena: its application to binocular rivalry. Neuroscience of Consciousness, 2020 (1), niaa018. https://doi.org/10.1093/nc/niaa018
[2] Miyahara, K.*, Niikawa T., Hamada, H.T., Nishida, S. (2020) Developing a Short-term Phenomenological Training Program: A Report of Methodological Lessons. New Ideas in Psychology. 58.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newideapsych.2020.100780

Logical Tasks for Measuring Extrapolation and Rule Comprehension

Logical reasoning is essential in a variety of human activities. A representative example of a logical task is mathematics. Recent large-scale models trained on large datasets have been successful in various fields, but their reasoning ability in arithmetic tasks is limited, which we reproduce experimentally. Here, we recast this limitation as not unique to mathematics but common to tasks that require logical operations. We then propose a new set of tasks, termed logical tasks, which will be the next challenge to address. This higher point of view helps the development of inductive biases that have broad impact beyond the solution of individual tasks. We define and characterize logical tasks and discuss system requirements for their solution. Furthermore, we discuss the relevance of logical tasks to concepts such as extrapolation, explainability, and inductive bias. Finally, we provide directions for solving logical tasks.

Fujisawa, I., Kanai, R. (2022), Logical Tasks for Measuring Extrapolation and Rule Comprehension, arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2211.07727

Members

Ippei Fujisawa,Ph.D.
Research Team Lead
Ippei is a Research Team Leader at Araya. He recieved his Ph.D in Theoretical Particle Physics at Hokkaido University in 2016. His research interests include deep learning, computer vision and meta learning.
Hiro Hamada, Ph.D.
Research Team Lead
Hiro is a Research Team Lead at Araya. He received his Ph.D in systems neuroscience at Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) in 2019. His research interests are cognitive neuroscience, computational neuroscience and phenomenology of consciousness.
Yi-Chen Lin, Ph.D.
Product Development Lead
Yi-Chen is a Product Development Lead at Araya. She received her Ph.D. at National Yang-Ming University in 2019. Her research interest are cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging.